Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

One of the principal challenges of resource sharing on data communication network is its security. This is premised on the fact that once there is connectivity between computers sharing some resources ...

Microsoft is killing off an obsolete and vulnerable encryption cipher that Windows has supported by default for 26 years following more than a decade of devastating hacks that exploited it and ...

1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

RC4 has been exploited in high-profile attacks across enterprise Windows networks Kerberoasting exploits weaknesses in Active Directory, allowing attackers to perform offline password cracking ...

Using a VPN, or virtual private network, is one of the best ways to protect your online privacy. We review dozens every year, and these are the top VPNs we've tested. I’ve been writing about ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Dr. JeFreda R. Brown is a financial ...